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Sumatera yew
©The
World Botanical Associates Web Page
Prepared by Richard W. Spjut
April 2003; photos added June 2006; updated August 2007; reformatted June
2010
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The Philippines—Luzon: Benquet Prov., E.C. Leańo 20672 (US). Note the reddish margins and midrib on abaxial surface of leaves. The abaxial leaf margin is indicated in the illustration to have 9 rows of smooth cells followed by 10 rows of papillose cells. The stomata bands are indicated to have 11 rows of stomata, occasionally along the leaf there were additional stomata beyond a band; this could be interpreted as additional rows. This same pattern was noted in the type specimen from Sumatera. Note also, that the midrib is mostly elevated and rounded instead of truncate or channeled as seen in T. mairei. The illustration also shows this in leaf x-section. Upper right corner of packet shows general outline of parenchyma cells (bone-like in shape) in leaf mesophyll. Finally, note the darker adaxial leaf surface that is recessed along the midrib, forming a channel as a result of the leaves becoming puckered on drying. |
Sumatera: Holotype. Not a good specimen, but does show the discoloration along the abaxial leaf margins and midrib, and channel area along adaxial surface. The abaxial midrib appears somewhat elevated and truncated as seen in T. mairei.
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The Philippines—Mt. Banahao, Vidal 623 (A).
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Thailand: Khao Kuading, 1200 m. Kerr 20146 (BM)
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The Philippines—Mt. St. Tomas, Williams 1002 (US)
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The Philippines—Mt. Data, Merrill 4595 (US)
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China: Taiwan. C-j Chang, Hualien 3, 3 Aug 1994. Note: Specimen lacks dark color generally seen in dried specimens; the material was stored in the freezer (defrost free refrigerator) from Aug 1994 until Sep 2001. Illustrations are shown for specimens collected July 1993 and May 1994. Illustrations were prepared from fresh material soon after receipt of specimens, shipped overnight express mail from Taiwan. |
Indonesia—Sulawesi: Bonthain, Lanjienza, Teysmann 14190 (U). |
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| 15b. Taxus sumatrana
var. atrovirens Spjut, proposed var. nov (Figs. 77, 235–237).—Type: Nepal:
Eastern, Khanigaon to Kalanti, 6,000 ft., 2 June 1967, Herb. Banerji,
1953, in adnot. Taxus bounoniana Carr. (A), holotype at A! (leaf lacking papillae entirely across
16 marginal cells and entirely on 14 midrib cells across , stomata 14
rows/band, midrib with low papillae).
Arbor, 3–6 m alta. Ramis isodichotomibus; perulae persistens, 3 seriatus, ~ 1 mm longe. Folia concolorata, atrovira, subflaccida, sublanceolata, 2.5–4.0 cm longa, 2.5–4.0 mm lata, acuminata, ±0.300 mm crassa, supra convexa, cellulis epidermis supra 10–20 µm altis, 20–40 µm latis, quasi elliptica in sectione transversali; ventralibus epidermae cellulae quasi quadrangularis, sine papillae costa y marginalia zonas; stomata 12–16 seriata/zona. Tree to 10–20 ft high; branchlets equally divided, appearing pendulous, zigzag to monopodial, bud-scales persistent, 3-seriate, cuspidate, brownish, ca.1 mm long. Leaves flaccid, spreading in ±two-ranks, frequently overlapping or crisscrossing, sublanceolate, falcate, 2.5–4.0 cm long, 2.5–4.0 mm wide, ~300 µm thick, with little contrast in color change between surfaces in dried specimens, brighter green on adaxial surface, slightly convex above to a channeled midrib, puckered in dried specimens, slightly keeled to rounded midrib—channeled in upper third of leaf, abruptly revolute along margins in dried specimens; upper (adaxial) epidermal cells in transverse section narrowly elliptical, 10–20 µm tall, 20–40 µm wide, similar on abaxial surface along midrib and marginal zones, 15–24 in number between margins and stomata bands, mostly trapezoidal to rectangular, 2–3× l/w, shorter in length on midrib, quadrangular, or mixed quadrangular and rectangular, lacking papillae entirely or nearly so on midrib and marginal zones; stomata bands ±equal to width of marginal region, with 12–16 rows/band. Cones not seen; arillocarpia reportedly red and juicy. The proposed var. atrovirens differs from the typical variety by the leaves appearing green in color in dried specimens, and by their larger size with quadrangular epidermal cells on the abaxial midrib in surface view. The specimens cited are all remarkably similar in leaf arrangement and leaf anatomy. The same may be said for the related T. celebica that differs by dried leaves appearing less wrinkled, more flattened, and with relatively longer rectangular epidermal cells on the abaxial midrib. On the other hand, the length of epidermal cells on the abaxial surface of leaves appears to gradually increase in length in specimens from E Himalayas to Indonesia for both T. sumatrana and T. celebica, while specimens of T. sumatrana from Sichuan may be found with both short and long rectangular epidermal cells on the midrib.
Representative Specimens—Nepal: Eastern, Khanigaon to Kalanti, 6,000 ft., Herb. Banerji 1953, in adnot. India: Khasi Hills, Nungluai, 6,000 ft, G. Mann s.n. (A). China—Zhejiang (Chekiang): Chien Hsien, open field, 20 ft, with red juicy fruit, H.H. Hu 550 (A, K); Lin-an Hsien, 1200 ft, tree 18 ft, H.H. Hu 1628 (A).
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Nepal: 5000 ft., Banerji 1953 (A), proposed holotype |
India? HK 7/80 (GH). |
China—Zhejiang, Chien
Hsien, |
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China—Zhejiang, Lin-an Hsien, |
India: Khasi Hills, Nungluai, 6,000 ft, G. Mann s.n. (A). |
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15c. Taxus sumatrana var. concolorata Spjut (Figs. 73–74), var. nov.—Type: China, Taiwan, Tai-shu Shan For. Dist., 2000 m (Rt. 210, 7km), tree 20 m, forest remnant—31 Aug. 1978, de Laubenfels P670 & P671 (from different branches of the same tree), holotype at GH! (leaf with abaxial margin of 3-6 smooth cells across followed by ca. 8 papillose rows of cells, stomata 10-11 rows/band, midrib with low papillae); isotype at P! Arbor, ad 20 m. Ramis anisodichotomibus; perulae persistens, 3 seriatus, ~ 1 mm longa. Folia obliquata disposita, olivacea, flaccida, elliptica ad sublanceolata, 1.5–3.0 cm longa, 2.0–2.5 mm lata, acuta vel acuminata, 0.200–0.275 µm crassa, supra convexa, cellulis epidermis supra 10–15 µm altis, 25–40 µm latis, quasi elliptica in sectione transversali; ventralibus epidermae cellulae quasi rectangularis, papillosa in stomata zonas, costa interdum papillosa, proparte papillosa versas de marginali, sine papillae 3–10 cellulae marginales latis; stomata 10–15 seriata/zona Tree to 20 m; branchlets unequally divided, appearing pendulous, dull olive green, pale yellowish orange with age; bud-scales persistent, 3-seriate, cuspidate, brownish, ca.1 mm long. Leaves flaccid, in two-ranks, overlapping slightly, sublanceolate, falcate, 1.5–3.0 cm long, 2.0–2.5 mm wide, 200–275 µm thick, dull olive green with little contrast or color change evident in dried specimens, convex above to a rounded or channeled midrib, not puckered in dried specimens, undersurface dull green, drying greenish along margins and on midrib, slightly keeled to rounded midrib—channeled in upper third of leaf, abruptly recurved along margins; upper (adaxial) epidermal cells in transverse section narrowly elliptical, 10–15 µm tall, 25–40 µm wide, similar on abaxial surface along midrib and marginal zones, (6-) 10–18 in number between margins and stomata bands, mostly rectangular, 2–5× l/w, similar in length on midrib, variously papillose from stomata bands to within 3–10 cells from margins; stomata bands broader than the marginal region with 10–15 rows/band. Male cones not seen. Female cones maturing on 1st yr branchlets; seed purplish, angular, conical, 4 mm long, 3 mm diam., tapering to apex from middle. Concolorous-leaved yew. Distribution: China (Taiwan), The Philippines, Indonesia (Sulawesi, Sumatra). Representative Specimens—The Philippines: Benguet, 58 km N of Baguio, along main road, 2100 m, de Laubenfels P650 (GH). Sumatera: Palembang, Dempo, 1000 m, de Voogd 1503 (K).
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China, Taiwan, Tai-shu Shan For. Dist., 2000 m (Rt. 210, 7km), de Laubenfels P670, proposed type (A).
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Sumatera: Palembang, Dempo, 1000 m, de Voogd 1503 (K).
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China, Taiwan, Tongshi No. 5, C-j Chang, 1-13-94
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