Solidago simplex
Near Fairbanks, AK
August 2003

Solidago salebrosa
Along South Fork of the Salmon River, Klamath NF, CA; August 2006

Solidago spathulata
Samoa Peninsular, Humboldt Co., CA
August 2006
 

Solidago canadensis ssp. elongata

Solidago graminifolia

Chaturvedula V. S., B. N.  Zhou, Z. Gao Z, S. J. Thomas, S. M. Hecht and D. G. Kingston.  2004. New lupane triterpenoids from Solidago canadensis that inhibit the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta. Bioorg Med Chem. 12: 6271–6275. “Bioassay-directed fractionation of a methyl ethyl ketone extract of Solidago canadensis L. (Asteraceae), using an assay to detect the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta, resulted in the isolation of the four new lupane triterpenoids 1-4 and the seven known compounds lupeol, lupeyl acetate, ursolic acid, cycloartenol, cycloartenyl palmitate, alpha-amyrin acetate, and stigmasterol. The structures of the new compounds were established as 3beta-(3R-acetoxyhexadecanoyloxy)-lup-20(29)-ene (1), 3beta-(3-ketohexadecanoyloxy)-lup-20(29)-ene (2), 3beta-(3R-acetoxyhexadecanoyloxy)-29-nor-lupan-20-one (3), and 3beta-(3-hetohexadecanoyloxy)-29-nor-lupan-20-one (4), respectively, on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic interpretation and chemical modification studies. All 11 compounds were inhibitory to the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta.”