Anagallis arvensis
Peninsular Ranges, E of Pala
Temecula Rd (S16), CA
Spjut & Marin 14670, Apr 2002

Ammar S,, M. A. Mahjoub, N. Charfi, I. SkandaranI, L. Chekir-Ghedira and Z. Mighri.  2007. Mutagenic, antimutagenic and antioxidant activities of a new class of beta-glucoside hydroxyhydroquinone from Anagallis monelli growing in Tunisia. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo). 55(3): 385–388. “A new skeleton of an O-heteroside natural substance named zinolol, the first representative of a new class of aminated hydroxyhydroquinone, has been isolated from the whole plant Anagallis monelli. Its structure has been established by one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopic procedures. Antioxidant, mutagenic, antimutagenic activities were realised and positive results were recorded.”

Amoros M., B. Fauconnier and R. L. Girre.  1988.  Effect of saponins from Anagallis arvensis on experimental herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits.  Planta Med. 54(2): 128–131.

Amoros M., B. Fauconnier and R. L. Girre.  1987.  In vitro antiviral activity of a saponin from Anagallis arvensis, Primulaceae, against herpes simplex virus and poliovirus.
Antiviral Res. 8(1): 13–25.  “The antiviral activity of a triterpene saponin isolated from Anagallis arvensis, Primulaceae, was studied in vitro against several viruses including herpes simplex type 1, adenovirus type 6, vaccinia, vesicular stomatitis and poliovirus. The drug was found to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and poliovirus type 2 as shown by inhibition of cytopathic effect and reduction of virus production. The action was not due to a virucidal effect but might involve inhibition of virus-host cell attachment. Single cycle experiments indicated that saponin interfered with both early and late events of herpes virus replication.”

Shehata I. M. and A. F. Nassef.  1956.  Pharmacological action of Anagallis arvensis (Ain el Kot).  J Egypt Med Assoc. 39(1): 31–35.

Shoji N., A. Umeyama, K. Yoshikawa and S. Arihara.  Triterpenoid glycosides from Anagallis arvensis.  1994.  Phytochemistry 37(5): 1397–1402. “From the herb of Anagallis arvensis, we have isolated four novel oleanane glycosides, anagallosaponins VI-IX, and two artifact saponins, apoanagallosaponins III and IV, formed from anagallosaponins III and IV. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral methods, 2D NMR techniques being particularly helpful. The structures of anagallosaponins VI and VII were characterized as priverogenin B 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside and 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->2)]beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside), respectively. The structures of anagallosaponins VIII and IX were characterized as 23-hydroxypriverogenin B 22-acetate 3-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside), 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->2)]beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)]- alpha-L-arabinopyranoside), respectively. The structures of apoanagallosaponins III and IV were characterized as camelliagenin A 16-acetate 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-arabnopyranoside, 3-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside), respectively.”

Shoji N., A. Umeyama, K. Yoshikawa and S. Arihara.  1994.  Structures of anagallosaponins I-V and their companion substances from Anagallis arvensis L.  Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo). 42(9): 1750–1755.

Yamada Y., K. Hagiwara, K. Iguchi, S. Suzuki and H. Y. Hsu. 1978.  Isolation and structures of arvenins from Anagallis arvensis L. (Primulaceae). New cucurbitacin glucosides.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 26(10): 3107–3112.